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Presentation type	E-poster
Title	Binocular vision problems in Parkinson‘s Disease Patients: How can we help?

Purpose	To describe the binocular complains, the examinations and the possible therapy to improve binocular vision in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods	Forty elderly patients, age 62 to 84, with PD who underwent a complete motility and orthoptic examination were included in this prospective study. Ocular alignment, fusion amplitudes, stereopsis, convergence, horizontal and vertical eye movements were evaluated.
Results	Near exodeviation varied from 2 prism diopters (PD) exophoria (X’) to 30 PD exotropia (XT’) with a median angle of 12.5 PD X’. At distance, the deviation ranged from 4 PD esophoria (E) to 18 PD exotropia (XT) with a median angle of 5 PD exophoria (X). Convergence fusion at near ranged from 0 to 30 PD (mean 10.5 PD) and from 0 to 25 PD (mean 7.4 PD) at distance. Divergence fusion at near ranged from 4 PD to 20 PD (mean 11.2 PD) and from 2 to 16 PD (mean 7.8 PD) at distance. Stereopsis was reduced or absent is 72% of the patients. Convergence was limited from 10 cm to 50 cm (mean 22 cm). Saccadic smooth pursuit movements were seen in about 40% of the patients, followed by slow saccades and reduced elevation. All patients were treated with blinking exercises and convergence/fusion exercises, horizontal prisms were given in the reading glasses, in distance glasses and 5 patients needed vertical prisms in both reading and distance glasses.
Conclusion	Patients with PD complain especially about near problems often associated with double vison due to convergence insufficiency and reduced fusion amplitudes. Ocular motility reveals especially saccadic pursuit movements, elevation deficits and slow saccades. Patients with PD can be helped with blinking exercises, convergence and fusion exercises and two pairs of prism glasses instead of multifocal glasses.
Conflict of interest	No

Authors 1

Initials	D
Last name	GODTS
Department	Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp, Dept. of Ophthalmology
City	Antwerp